The Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier is a popular method of generating high DC voltage using diodes and capacitors. It is used in particle accelerator, older CRT TV, electron microscope, x-ray, photocopier machines, mosquito bats zappers etc. He…
Many modern microcontrollers like ESP32 , Raspberry Pi Pico 2 , STM32 Nucleo-F401RE , STM32F103C8T6 ("Blue Pill") and modern Teensy boards operate primarily on 0V to 3.3V logic while standard peripherals—such as 16x2 I2C LCDs and 5V…
A Typical Input Stage for an Analog Oscilloscope Using a Dual JFET The front end of any oscilloscope is critical to its performance, dictating how accurately and without distortion external signals are captured. For analog oscilloscopes, a common…
Transistor biasing is fundamental skill one must master in electronics circuit design. Given that you have an electret microphone and want to output the microphone audio into a $8 \Omega$ speaker, how would you do that? There are many ways and one…
📖 9 min read In the world of electronics, especially when dealing with inductive loads or high-speed switching, voltage spikes and ringing can wreak havoc on sensitive components. This is where the humble RC snubber circuit comes into play. Underst…
