74HC4066 is a quad bilateral analog switch IC made using High-Speed CMOS technology . In simple words: It has 4 independent switches inside one chip. Each switch can connect or disconnect two pins based on a control signal (just like turn…
In certain applications, it’s beneficial to produce a signal and its exact opposite—two signals that are 180 degrees out of phase . This can be accomplished using an emitter-degenerated amplifier configured for a gain of −1 , as illustrated in circ…
A Schmitt trigger is a type of comparator circuit that incorporates positive feedback to achieve hysteresis. This means that the circuit has two different threshold voltage levels for switching its output state: one for the rising input voltage …
A pulse generator is a circuit that generates pulse of certain duration when a switching signal is applied to the circuit. The switching signal can come from like tactile momentary switch, on/off pulse from microcontroller or boards like Arduino. S…
You might sometimes want to solder copper wire to aluminum sheet or piece and use the aluminum as your conductor. Also you might want to know what simple chemicals you could use for that bonding to work. Lemon is easy to get around and so why not us…
Soldering aluminum bars with electronics soldering wire isn't straightforward and typically isn't recommended due to the differences in the properties of aluminum compared to common soldering metals like copper. Here's a breakdown of the…
In the dynamic landscape of electronic engineering, the interplay between amplification and filtering circuits forms the bedrock of innovation. From the nuanced intricacies of differential amplifier transistors to the robust capabilities of active…
If you are building electronics circuits with batteries such as for remote controlled devices, drones, RC cars or robotics you might be using Lithium Ion battery. If you are one of them then the automatic cutoff battery charger for 3.7V lithium ion …
Bootstrapping in Electronics Circuits Bootstrapping is a technique commonly used in electronic circuit design to increase the voltage level of a signal, generate high-impedance inputs, or implement a self-biasing circuit. It is a technique used in…
Here it is illustrated how one can build a soil moisture detector that can be used to monitor whether a plant needs watering or not. The soil moisture detector is build with with just two transistors, a buzzer, a resistor and 3V battery. It is simp…
This is educational tutorial on how to use transistor as clamping diodes. In this example of using transistor as clamping diodes it is illustrated how an input signal having amplitude from -2.5V to 2.5V with center at 0V can be converted to an outpu…
555 Timer is a reliable timer IC(Integrated Circuit) that can be used for number of circuit such as frequency divider, pulse width modulator, linear ramp generator, missing pulse detector, waveform generator, voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) , FSK…
A phase shift oscillator is a type of electronic circuit that generates a sine wave output signal. It is a type of LC oscillator that uses a combination of passive and active components to generate a sine wave output. The 2N2222 transistor is a c…
Here a class B audio power amplifier with 2N3904 and 2N3906 transistors is presented and its working principle explained. 2N3904 is NPN BJT and 2N3906 is PNP BJT which is used at the output stage of the audio amplifier. These transistors are readil…
