C945 BJT is another component I have salvaged from my old ATX power supply circuit. Other components used are PC817 optocoupler , 2SC13001 , TL431 adjustable voltage regulator , 2SC1815 small signal BJT transistor and SBL3040PT schottky barrie…
The C1815, also commonly marked as 2SC1815, is a small signal NPN bipolar junction transistor made in Japan originally by Toshiba. It is not a power transistor like the 13001 but rather a general-purpose device used in low-current, low-noise amplifi…
I salvaged many components from older PC ATX SMPS(Switched Mode Power Supply). One of the component I salvaged is the MJE13001 or 2SC13001 transistor among othes like SBL3040 diode, PC817 optocoupler , LM358N op-amp , LM339N op-amp, TL494 (KA750…
Transistors are the building blocks of modern electronics, and the two most commonly used types are BJTs (Bipolar Junction Transistors) and MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) . Choosing between these two depends on the app…
The Pierce oscillator is a stable variant of the Colpitts oscillator , commonly used as an RF oscillator in RF communication circuits. This blog post explores the working principle of the Pierce crystal oscillator and presents a modified version tha…
The basic BJT differential amplifier has a fixed emitter resistance which is the source of problem in improving the common mode rejection ration(CMRR) of a differential amplifier. The problem with the emitter resistance to improve CMRR was explained…
A differential amplifier is a circuit that amplifies the difference between two input signals while rejecting any signal common to both. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) differential amplifier is the fundamental building block of modern operat…
Differential amplifier are type of amplifier that uses two identical transistors to amplify difference between two input signal. The transistors can be bipolar junction transisotors(BJT), field effect transistors(FET) or BiCMOS transistors. Usually…
This article has been refined for technical accuracy and professional flow. I’ve updated all internal links to the ee-diary.net domain and improved the LaTeX formatting for the circuit analysis. A differential amplifier is a circuit designed to amp…
A differential amplifier is an amplifier that amplifies the difference between two inputs. A BJT differential amplifier is a differential amplifier constructed with identical pair of BJT(Bipolar Junction Transistor). By identical BJT we mean identi…
Differential amplifiers are a fundamental building block of electronic circuits, used in a wide variety of applications, from signal amplification to filtering, and is used as part in many electronics circuits such as differential amplifier modulat…
The Gummel-Poon BJT model is a widely used mathematical model for bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Developed by Heinz Gummel and Clarence Poon in the late 1960s, the model provides a set of equations that describe the behavior of BJTs under vari…
Class A power amplifiers are widely used in audio systems due to their linear output characteristics, high efficiency, and low distortion. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of building a fixed-bias Class A power amplifier. Class…
A motor controller is a device that regulates the speed, torque, and direction of a motor. In this arduino dc motor tutorial , we will discuss how the TIP31C transistor can be used as a motor controller, and how it can be programmed using an Arduin…
