Simulation & Animation of TP4056 Module, Li-Ion Battery, MT3608 Boost Converter

 I have created spice simulation models of TP4056 Module, 3.7V Li-Ion Battery, MT3608 Boost Converter in proteus. I tested them together in single circuit and wanted to share the result of simulation and animation of the circuit. You can find the spice model or proteus model for each of these components and modules below.

This circuit is a complete Power Management System designed to bridge the gap between a 3.7V Li-Ion battery and a 5V load like a Lamp or 5V-dependent IoT device like the ESP32-S3. Note that this circuit is a "Pass-Through" design. This means the system can power the loads like ESP32 while the battery is charging, which is a highly desired feature for IoT devices that stay plugged in most of the time but need to be portable occasionally.

Here is the breakdown of how the three stages interact for your blog explanation:

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1. The Charging Stage: TP4056 Module

This module acts as the "gatekeeper" for your battery.

• Input: It takes 5V from a USB source.
• Function: It uses a Constant Current/Constant Voltage (CC/CV) charging profile. It monitors the battery voltage and ensures it doesn't exceed 4.2V.
• Protection (The "Hidden" Hero): The module includes a DW01A protection IC and FS8205A MOSFETs. This is critical for safety:

• Over-charge protection: Stops charging if the battery hits 4.2V.
• Over-discharge protection: Disconnects the load if the battery drops below ~2.4V to prevent permanent chemical damage to the cell.
• Short-circuit protection: Instantly cuts power if a fault is detected.
• Download TP4056 IC Spice Model
• TP4056 Module Spice Model
• Download DW01A Spice Model

2. The Energy Storage: 3.7V Li-Ion Battery

• Role: The reservoir. It provides a nominal 3.7V, but in reality, it swings from 4.2V (full) down to ~3.0V (empty).
• Simulation Note: In your Proteus model, this is represented by a subcircuit that mimics the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curve of a real Li-Ion cell, meaning the voltage drops naturally as current is drawn.

3. The Regulation Stage: MT3608 Boost Converter

This is the "engine" that makes the system work for the 5V Lamp load.

• The Problem: The 5V Lamp load expects a stable 5V.
• The Solution: The MT3608 is a high-frequency (1.2MHz) boost converter. It takes the variable battery voltage (3.0V–4.2V) and "chops" it, stores energy in an inductor, and outputs a constant, regulated 5V.
• Efficiency: Because it operates at such a high frequency, it can handle the rapid current spikes (up to 500mA+) without the output voltage sagging.

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How the Simulation/Animation Works

When you run the simulation in Proteus, you are observing a dynamic interaction:

• Charging Animation: When you apply 5V to the USB input, the TP4056 module detects the voltage. The simulation shows current flowing into the battery (B+/B-). You can observe the battery voltage probe rising toward 4.2V.

• Discharging Animation: When the USB is disconnected, the battery becomes the sole source. The MT3608 starts switching. The simulation shows the boost converter pulling current from the battery to maintain a steady 5V on the output rail.

Discharging Profile