Low-pass filters (LPF) are essential in signal processing to eliminate high-frequency noise. In this guide, we’ll design and analyze a Butterworth LPF in MATLAB, moving step-by-step from defining filter parameters to visualizing its frequency respon…
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a powerful mathematical tool used to analyze the frequency content of discrete-time signals. The DFT allows us to transform a discrete-time signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It decomposes…
The freqz() function typically implements the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) rather than the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) is a mathematical transformation that represents a discrete-time signa…
The impz() function in MATLAB is used to generate the impulse response of a given filter. Consider for example, 4th order Butterworth low pass filter. The IIR digital filter is given below. \( H(z) = \frac{\sum_{k=0}^{M}b_k z^{-k}}{\sum_{k=0}^{N…
The conv() function in MATLAB is used for convolution between two sequences. Convolution is a mathematical operation that is used to represent the output of a linear time-invariant system in response to an input signal. It is commonly used in signa…
A Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is a type of digital filter that uses a finite number of past input samples to produce a filtered output. FIR filters are characterized by their impulse response, which is finite in length, and therefore, …
IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filters are a type of digital filter that use feedback to create a response. They are widely used in digital signal processing due to their simplicity, efficiency, and effectiveness in applications such as audio p…
Low-pass filters (LPF) are widely used in signal processing to remove high-frequency noise. Here we explore the design and analysis of a Butterworth LPF using MATLAB. We'll begin by using the Butterworth filter function to design the filter c…
The Z-transform is an essential tool in digital signal processing (DSP) for analyzing and processing discrete-time signals. It is a mathematical transform that maps a discrete-time signal in the time domain to a complex-valued function in the fr…
The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a powerful tool for analyzing the frequency content of digital signals. It allows us to transform a sequence of N complex numbers into a sequence of N complex numbers that represent the signal's frequency…
In Matlab, filter() and freqz() are two different functions used for digital signal processing. The main differences between these two functions are as follows: filter() is a function used to filter a signal using a digital filter. It takes two i…
Angle modulation is modulation technique wherein either the instantaneous phase or the frequency of carrier signal is varied according to the message signal. Thus we can classify angle modulation as Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation. An ang…
Standard AM signal can be demodulated using two methods which is either to use square law detector method or using Hilbert filter method. The Hilbert transform method of demodulating standard AM signal was illustrated in the previous blog post. In …
Standard AM signal also called conventional AM signal carries message signal or information signal in a carrier signal. There are three types of AM modulation: DSB-SC AM, standard AM and SSB-SC AM signal. The difference between them lies in what fre…
Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a popular technique used to transmit information through radio waves. In this technique, the amplitude of a high frequency carrier signal is varied according to the amplitude of a low frequency message signal. The modula…
